Objective Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a plasma extract rich in platelets and growth factors. This study aims to compare the effects of PRP collected under rest versus after exercise on lipid metabolism disorders and evaluate the contribution of physical exercise to the efficacy of PRP application.

Methods SD rats were used as PRP donors and divided into resting and exercise groups, with the exercise group having blood drawn immediately after acute exercise to prepare PRP. C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal chow group (NC, n=6), high-fat diet group (HFD, n=6), high-fat diet + resting PRP group (HS, n=6), and high-fat diet + exercise PRP group (HR, n=6). After three weeks of high-fat diet feeding, 50 μL of PRP was injected intraperitoneally twice a week for five weeks. Body weight, body composition, metabolic cage monitoring, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were conducted during this period. Liver sections were stained with Oil Red O, and mitochondrial respiration was measured using the Seahorse XF-24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer.

Results  ① Oxygen consumption, RER, and CO₂ release in mice peaked between 0-7 points and remained relatively stable at other times. The HFD group had the highest oxygen consumption, NC group the lowest, and HS and HR groups were intermediate. ② ITT results showed significant differences in glucose AUC among the four groups (P<0.01), with insulin resistance severity ranking from highest to lowest as HFD > HS > HR. ③The HFD group showed extensive lipid accumulation in the liver, HS group had significantly less lipid content, and HR group had only minimal star-shaped fat deposits. ④ The NC group had the lowest maximum electron flux of complex IV, while HFD and HS groups had the highest, and HR group was the intermediate.

Conclusions PRP collected after exercise increased the lipid energy supply ratio in mice and generally had better efficacy than PRP collected under rest, indicating that active factors produced by exercise can exert positive effects through PRP in allogeneic applications.