Impact of Preconception Exercise on the Fertility in Men of Advanced Paternal Age: Effect and Mechanism

With the combination of literature analysis and logical reasoning, this study explores the effects of preconception exercise on the fertility in men of advanced paternal age and its potential mechanism. The study found that with the prevalence of late marriage and late childbirth, the fertility issue of men at advanced paternal age is becoming increasingly prominent, with the declines in sperm count and quality as well as the increased risks of chromosomal aberrations and de novo mutations, which affects the chances of successful fertilization and offspring health. The research indicates that moderate exercise can improve the fertility in men of advanced paternal age. The mechanisms include adjusting the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis function to promote testosterone secretion and improve semen quality; reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory responses to protect testicular function; and optimizing sperm epigenetic markers to regulate DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA expression. Exercise intervention may also reduce the susceptibility to disease in offspring, achieving long-term eugenic effects.