中文体育类核心期刊

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基于梅洛-庞蒂身体现象学的“体育运动习惯”诠释

Interpretation of "Sports Habits" Based on Merleau-Ponty's Body Phenomenology

  • 摘要: 基于梅洛-庞蒂的身体现象学理论,对体育运动中的“习惯”进行诠释。发现:体育运动中的“习惯”虽是自动启动的,却蕴含着前反思的意向性,即依然具备理智主义所强调的智能性和灵活性。具体而言,这种智能响应能力并非源于深思熟虑或目标表征,而是源于梅洛-庞蒂所言的“运动意向性”,即通过习惯性的身体行为对情境可供性作出的即时响应。如果说习惯的形成意味着基于“身体图式”对已知情境提供熟悉的解决方案,那么“运动意向性”则隐匿于这些图式化行为背后。因此,运动员的行为不仅具有不假思索的熟练性,更因其植根于习惯的“暂时的反思”能力,最终形成了一种灵活且开放的运动习惯。

     

    Abstract: Based on Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of body, this paper interprets the "habit" in sport. The study finds that while sporting habits are initiated automatically, they embody a pre-reflective intentionality, meaning they still possess the intelligence and flexibility emphasized by intellectualism. Specifically, this intelligent responsiveness stems not from deliberation or goal representation, but from what Merleau-Ponty term "motor intentionality" — an immediate response to the affordances of a situation through habitual bodily behavior. If habit formation implies providing familiar solutions to known situations based on the "body schema", then "motor intentionality" operates implicitly behind these schematized behaviors. Consequently, athlete' behavior is characterized not only by unreflective proficiency, but also by the capacity for "temporary reflection" rooted in habit, ultimately constituting a flexible and open sporting habit.

     

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