Abstract: The digitization of education is an important breakthrough for China to open up new pathways for educational development and to shape new advantages in education. However, the current digital transformation in physical education teaching still faces such problems as weak infrastructure and fragmented technology application. Therefore, this study focuses on the construction of digital infrastructure for physical education teaching, aiming to explore its theoretical logic and practical pathways. Through literature analysis, the study elucidates the connotation of the digital infrastructure for physical education teaching from four aspects: inherent attributes, operating mechanisms, value orientation, and development ecosystem. In terms of construction technology, the study proposes a key technology system consisting of multi-modal sports data representation technology, educational recommendation engine construction technology, embodied intelligent agent collaborative interaction technology, and immersive teaching scenario construction technology. At the same time, it designs a four-layer system architecture composed of the perception input layer, data parsing layer, intelligent interaction layer, and feedback interaction layer. Combined with the laws in physical education teaching, the study summarizes the four major teaching application scenarios of the digital foundation for physical education: learning, practice, competition and evaluation. The study demonstrates that through the deep integration of technology and education, the digital infrastructure for physical education teaching can create a new teaching ecosystem that is comprehensive, optimized throughout the process, and beneficial for all participants, thus providing a key support to address current challenges in physical education teaching and to promote educational fairness and efficiency reform.