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作为身体运动研究范式的运动行为志

Sports Ethnography as a Research Paradigm for Body Movement Studies

  • 摘要: 随着身体运动研究从传统实证主义范式转向本体论范式,运动行为志已成为身体运动研究的新范式。传统身体运动研究受自然科学实证主义主导,侧重量化分析和变量控制,忽视主体体验和社会文化语境。身体社会学、现象学等理论推动身体研究的“本体论转向”,将身体视为兼具生物性与社会性的意义生成场域。运动行为志范式强调以身体本体感知为基础,通过行为叙事还原运动情境中的动态过程。在其研究要素中,身体图式的叙事生成、身体在场的感知逻辑与情境还原的行为真实性表达强调通过主体在运动情境中身体在场的“切身语言”揭示主体行为逻辑。这种新研究范式的价值主要表现在对既有因素论的身体运动研究的驳斥,寻求突破科学还原论的局限,由此,以主体身体经验为主的行为叙事成为探究人类社会意义世界并寻找文化共性的切实方法。运动行为志研究对主体身体行为过程的记录源于主体身体感受,在主体身体运动行为中获得主体自我反思,进而在行为叙事中揭示现代性身体运动所具备的主体意识觉醒过程。同时,面对如何扎根于具有主体性的真实身体感考察的操作性问题,运动行为志研究范式依然面临行为真实性表达的认知、运动行为口述史中的非自主回忆以及技术介入的身体回应等实践困境。

     

    Abstract: The shift in body movement research from a traditional positivist paradigm to an ontological paradigm has positioned sports ethnography as an emergent framework for the study of body movement. Conventional research on body movement, largely shaped by natural-scientific positivism, has prioritized quantitative measurement and variable control while marginalizing subjective experience and sociocultural context. Theoretical interventions from body sociology and phenomenology have propelled an "ontological turn" in body studies, conceptualizing the body as a meaning-generative field that integrates both biological and social dimensions.The paradigmatic characteristics of sports ethnography are grounded in ontological body perception, through which the dynamic processes of movement situations are reconstructed via behavioral narratives. Core analytic elements — including the narrative production of the body schema, the perceptual logic of bodily presence, and the expression of behavioral authenticity through situational reconstruction — emphasize the revelation of the subject's logic of action through the "embodied, first-person language" of bodily presence within movement contexts. The value of this new research paradigm lies primarily in its critique of factor-based approaches to body movement and its challenge to the limitations of scientific reductionism. Behavioral narratives centered on embodied experience thus become a viable methodological means for exploring the meaningful worlds of human social life and identifying shared cultural patterns. Moreover, because sports ethnography documents bodily behavioral processes as they are grounded in the subject's own corporeal sensations, it enables forms of self-reflection within body movement practices. Through behavioral narratives, this process reveals the awakening of subjective consciousness inherent in modern bodily movement. Meanwhile, when confronted with the operational challenge of grounding inquiry in the lived, embodied experiences of agentive subjects, the sports ethnography paradigm continues to face several practical dilemmas, including the epistemological problem of representing the authenticity of action, the issue of non-autonomous recollection in oral histories of sporting practice, and the embodied responses elicited through technological mediation, etc.

     

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