Abstract: The supply and demand matching of basic public sports services is a critical issue for enhancing the quality and efficiency of the national fitness public service system, as well as a concrete manifestation of the equalization of basic public services and the advancement of a Healthy China initiative in the sports sector. Drawing on responsive governance theory, this study combines literature analysis with multiple-case investigation to examine the goal connotation, practical patterns, constraining factors, and promotion paths of the supply and demand matching in basic public sports services. The study finds that, during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the goals of supply and demand matching can be understood in terms of precise and inclusive provision, quality accessibility, health benefits, and dynamic responsiveness. While the general capacity of basic public sports services has continued to expand and local adaptation practices have emerged in demand response, service outreach, and the integration of exercise and health, these localized adaptations have yet to develop into stable institutional capacities. Major constraints include insufficient identification of diverse needs, imprecise allocation of service resources, inadequate transformation of service provision into sustained participation and health benefits, and weak feedback-based adjustment. Accordingly, the study proposes improving demand-supply translation, strengthening resource-allocation coordination, building continuous service chains, and linking service outcomes with subsequent supply decisions, thereby transforming localized practices into institutionalized mechanisms and advancing basic public sports services from partial to systemic matching.