Influence Mechanism of Gait Spatiotemporal Parameters on Running Economy and the Collaborative Optimization Framework

Numerous studies have shown that running economy (RE) is influenced by gait spatiotemporal parameters; however, the mechanisms by which these factors affect RE under different conditions remain unclear. This study reviews the development of related research and reveals the regulatory pathways of gait parameters on RE. The results suggest that elite forefoot strikers should reduce stride angle and prolong ground contact time, while elite rearfoot strikers tend to improve RE by increasing stride angle and shortening contact time. Novice runners are advised to use external feedback tools to gradually optimize their stride frequency and angle, avoiding blind imitation of elite techniques. Additionally, runners should consider their anaerobic threshold and adjust their gait to prevent imbalances in contact time. This study is the first to propose a coordinated optimization framework for gait parameters, emphasizing the need to dynamically adjust gait strategies based on individual technical levels and physiological characteristics. In the future, machine modeling and real-time feedback technologies should be employed to develop personalized training systems, thereby enhancing runners' performance and reducing their injury risks.