Definition of Subject Attributes and Governance Strategy Optimization for Sports Organizations from the Perspective of Cooperative Administration

Sports organizations are important subjects in sports governance in China, but there is still no consensus on their subject attributes, which also affects the choice of governance strategies. This paper, through research methods such as literature review and logical analysis, takes the theory of cooperative administration as a new perspective, redefines the autonomous activities of sports organizations as a form of cooperative administration, and clarifies the subject identity of sports organizations as "government's partners". Under this identity, sports organizations are no longer administrative subjects in the traditional sense, and their monopolistic position can not determine their public law attributes, rather, they should be civil subjects with mixed public and private attributes. Given the unique subject attributes of sports organizations, a regulatory model of governance strategies should be transformed from high-authority administration to cooperative governance. Through public-private partnership contracts, their "power functions" should be improved to achieve "unity of authority and responsibility", and incentive-based compliance governance schemes should be explored to enable sports organizations to fully unleash their self-governance capabilities.