Are Questionnaires Valid or NotA Systematic Analysis Based on Articles from CSSCI Sport Academic Journals from 2010 to 2020

Questionnaire research is one of the most commonly used methods in the current sports science research, in which the validity is an important indicator to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. By literature review and statistical analysis, the articles which applied questionnaire method from nine sports academic journals included in the Chinese Social Science Citation Index (CSSCI) from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed. The current status of testing the validity of questionnaires were summed up. A total of 1375 articles using the questionnaire method were included, and 701 (51%) articles tested the validity, while another 674 (49%) articles did not report or explain the validity of the questionnaires. 547 articles (39.8%) clearly demonstrated the types for testing the validity while 828 (60.2%) did not. Other problems involved the lack of standardization in the application of construct validity, the lack of rigor in the application of content validity, and the misuse of validity of the questionnaire. In view of this, the application methods of content validity, construct validity and criterion validity in the questionnaire research method were proposed in order to improve the standardization and scientific application of the questionnaire method in sports science research.