FIFA's Action Framework for Carbon Neutral Governance: Historical Process and Practical Reflections

International sports organizations not only consume a large amount of energy themselves, but bear the responsibility of climate governance for carbon emissions from mega sports events. Through the interpretation to FIFA Climate Strategy and the sustainable development reports of previous football World Cup matches, the historical evolution and stage characteristics of FIFA's response to climate issues are analyzed. The research believes that since the fulfillment of FIFA’s commitment to addressing climate issues in 2006, FIFA's climate governance process has three stages: goal emergence, action integration, and overall advancement. With specific measures as the acting point, FIFA's carbon-neutral action has a clear vision and distinctive governance targets, which is mainly represented by FIFA, the World Cup Organizing Committee, the host city government and the host country as its core actors, and builds an overall action framework. So far the action framework has still existed such problems as the strategy goals needed to be optimized, the resource input mechanism to be completed, the action measures to be evaluated, and the weak awareness of the collaboration among action bodies, all of which is suggested to be improved by FIFA.