Abstract: The topic of "sport reform and national fitness", the two contradictory, is discussed in this study.In 1978, professional or half-professional training began because of the contracted amateur training; in 1988, sport reform confronted defeat with the form of "battle for National Sports Commission"; in 2008, Beijing Olympics was widely recognized the opportunity for reform in the theory circle; while in 2018, when sport reform collides with Tokyo Olympics and Beijing Winter Olympic Games, it will take advantage of this chance.During the beginning period (1995-2009), the concept of "national fitness" changed from "society-based" to "human-based"; while its legalization made great achievements at the time of intensive development (2010-2019).2016 witnessed its prime time when Health China 2030 was issued.Considering its development of sport reform and national fitness, the future social facts may include the accelerated economic transformation and the speedy urbanization, which will set the foundation for the reform; the social structure change of the aging society and the threat from chronic diseases will bring about new challenges, and the healthy life style and sport identity will become the final goal and means, respectively.