Abstract: Based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB), a mixed model of compliance behavior was constructed and tested by SPSS20.0 and Amos22.0 to understand the mechanism between treatment intention and compliance of injured athletes.350 athletes accepted the treatment from professional teams from 19 provinces and cities who conducted on-site questionnaires by anonymous ways, including Planning Behavior Scale (PBS), Behavior Planning Scale (BPS), Anticipated Regret Scale (ARS) and Compliance Behavior Scale (CBS).Results are shown as follows:1) Among the 3 behavioral intention antecedent variables of TPB, only subjective norm could predict effectively treatment intention.2) The behavior planning partially mediated the effects between treatment intention and treatment compliance.3) The anticipated regret can effectively adjust the first half of behavior planning.Conclusions:1) For injured athletes, the important others (subjective norm) could significantly affect their treatment intentions; 2) Some injured athletes needed to develop action plans to promote compliance, while others did not; 3) An indirect effect was much stronger for injured athletes with expect higher regret, compared with those with lower anticipated regret.