不同负荷运动训练对大鼠肝脏及骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链功能的影响

李洁; 黄彩云; 王艳

doi:10.16099/j.sus.2020.10.008

不同负荷运动训练对大鼠肝脏及骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链功能的影响

Effects of Training with Different Loads on the Respiratory Chain in Mitochondria of Liver and Skeletal Muscle in Rats

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨不同负荷运动训练对大鼠肝脏及骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链功能的影响。
方法将50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组（n=10）：安静对照（C）组、低负荷运动训练（LT）组、中等负荷运动训练（MT）组、高负荷运动训练（HT）组和极高负荷运动训练（ST）组。各训练组按不同强度训练方案进行8周跑台运动训练，每周训练6 d，1次/d。训练结束后，取大鼠肝脏和股四头肌样本，用差速离心法提取线粒体并测定线粒体呼吸链复合体酶Ⅰ~Ⅳ（CⅠ~Ⅳ）的活性。
结果 ① 肝脏线粒体CⅠ~Ⅳ活性：与C组相比，LT组和HT组CⅠ活性均显著升高（P < 0.01），ST组则显著下降（P < 0.05）；LT组和ST组CⅡ活性均显著下降（P < 0.01）；MT组CⅢ活性显著升高（P < 0.05），HT组则显著下降（P < 0.05）；MT组和HT组CⅣ活性均显著下降（P < 0.05）。②骨骼肌线粒体CⅠ~Ⅳ活性：与C组相比，ST组CⅠ活性显著升高（P < 0.01），LT组和MT组则显著下降（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）；ST组CⅡ活性显著升高（P < 0.01），MT组则显著下降（P < 0.05）；ST组CⅢ活性显著升高（P < 0.01），LT组则显著下降（P < 0.01）；ST组CⅣ活性显著升高（P < 0.05），LT组和MT组则显著下降（P < 0.01）。
结论不同负荷的运动训练对线粒体能量代谢的影响具有组织差异性，低、中等、高及极高负荷运动训练对改善肝脏线粒体能量代谢的效果不佳，而极高负荷运动训练在提高骨骼肌线粒体能量代谢方面效果较好。

Abstract:
Objective It is to investigate the effects of training with different loads on the respiratory chain in mitochondria of liver and skeletal muscles in rats.
Methods Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=10):control(C), low load training(LT), medium load training(MT), high load training(HT), super high load training (ST) groups.The training groups received 8-week treadmill training. After training, all the groups were sacrificed to obtain liver and skeletal muscle samples; liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria were extracted by different centrifugation.The activities of respiratory chain enzyme complexes Ⅰ-Ⅳ(CⅠ-CⅣ) in the liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria were evaluated.
Results ① The respiratory chain enzyme activity of liver:compared with the C group, the CI activity of the LT and the HT groups significantly increased (P < 0.01) while the ST group was significantly decreased(P < 0.05);the CⅡ activity of the LT and the ST groups significantly decreased(P < 0.01).The CⅢ activity of the MT group significantly increased, while the HT group significantly decreased(P < 0.05).And the CⅣ activity of the MT and HT groups signifcanlty decreased(P < 0.05).②The respiratory chain enzyme activity of skeletal muscles:compared with C group, the CⅠ activity of the ST group was significantly increased(P < 0.01) while the LT and the MT groups were significantly decreased(P < 0.05, P < 0.01).The CⅡ activity of the ST group was significantly increased(P < 0.01) while the MT group significantly decreased(P < 0.05), The CⅢ activity of the ST group was significantly increased while the LT group was significantly decreased(P < 0.01).The CⅣ activity of the ST group was significantly increased(P < 0.05) while the LT and the MT groups were significantly decreased(P < 0.01).
Conclusion There exist organizational difference of the effects of sports training on mitochondrial energy metabolism.The low, medium, high, and super high load sports training had a low effect in improving liver mitochondrial energy metabolism, but the super high load sports training was the best in improving skeletal muscle mitochondrial energy metabolism.

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