Abstract: To make public sports service performance evaluation more scientific, objective and effective, the "3E" criterion (economy, efficiency and effectiveness) of performance evaluation are followed and structural equation model is used to construct the index system of performance evaluation of public sports services, including the 3 dimensions of input, output and effect, as well as 12 indicators, that is, financial allocation, sports lottery public welfare fund, management organization, managers, public sports service instructors, national physique monitoring sites, stadium area, morning and evening exercise spots and sports groups, sports organizations, the number of taking morning and evening exercises, and the annual number of sports activities and training.The performance of public sports services in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities is analyzed empirically. The results show that:①The performance index of public sports service in China is generally low, with a big difference of performance in different regions and an expanding trend. ② From 2009 to 2015, the performance indexes of public sports services in 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government has been improved in varying degree, 11 of them faster and 17 of them slower than the local economic development speed. ③The 3 dimensions of input, output and effect in the performance evaluation index all have important influences on the performance of public sports service. ④The level of regional economic development, population, the input of funds are positively correlated with the performance of public sports services, but a negative correlation is found between the education level and public sports services.