不同触地模式慢跑的足踝有限元分析

常桐博; 李岩; 牛文鑫; 张胜年

doi:10.16099/j.sus.2020.12.006

不同触地模式慢跑的足踝有限元分析

Finite ElementAnalysis ofAnkle-Foot Complex During Different Strike Patterns of Jogging

摘要

摘要:
目的通过运动学、动力学分析结合有限元模拟的方法，探究不同慢跑触地模式下足中骨、距上关节面软骨、足底的应力分布特征及足底筋膜与踝关节韧带的受力情况。
方法采集8名研究对象在后足触地（rearfoot strike，RFS）和非后足触地（non-rearfoot strike，NRFS）模式下慢跑的运动学和动力学数据，选取1例踝关节活动范围在总体1倍标准差范围内的数据作为有限元分析的边界条件和载荷，建立三维足踝有限元模型，并予以验证。对2种触地模式下足踝结构进行有限元模拟，分析在不同触地模式中踝关节软骨的接触应力、韧带拉力、足底压力及骨的应力分布。
结果距上关节面软骨最大接触应力出现在NRFS的缓冲最低点，峰值为7.41 MPa。在RFS冲击时刻，距上关节面软骨接触应力最小，峰值为2.47 MPa。在RFS冲击时刻，足底压力峰值分布于足底的足跟后方区域，2种模式下足底压力峰值都出现在最大垂直地反力（ground reaction force，GRF）时刻。缓冲最低点的第1主应力最大峰值均出现在舟骨，RFS中更明显。NRFS模式下足底筋膜受力大于RFS模式。
结论 2种模式距上关节面软骨上接触应力较为均匀，NRFS足底筋膜、楔舟足底韧带和弹簧韧带的受力大于RFS模式；足底筋膜炎人群不宜采取NRFS模式，长期的RFS模式可能会提高舟骨和足跟处的损伤风险。

Abstract:
Objective The biomechanical response of the mid-foot bone, articular cartilage, plantar fascia and the ligaments of ankle foot in different strike patterns was analyzed.
Methods The kinematic and kinetic data of different foot strike patterns(FSPs)were acquired in 8 male volunteers.The measured data were used as loading and boundary conditions for further finite element(FE)analysis.A 3D FE model of ankle-foot complex was developed based on the computerized tomography(CT) of one male subject and validated.The stress of the bone, contact stress on the articular facet and tension of the plantar fascia were collected and analyzed.
Results The peak contact stress of talocrural joint cartilage during NRFS was 7.41 MPa.The peak of first principal stresses has been found at the scaphoid in Max-buffer instant of RFS. At NRFS, tension of plantar fascia was found larger than in RFS.
Conclusions Both patterns, the RFS and NRFS, had an even distribution of contact stress on the fact of the talocrural cartilage.And, larger tension applied on plantar fascia and plantar ligaments was found in NRFS.Long-term RFS jogging may increase the risk of scaphoid and heel damage.

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