Abstract: Neurological dysfunction is an important cause of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. With the deepening of the research on intestinal microbiota, it is found that gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of many diseases, and neurological dysfunction is no exception.The information pathway between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system enables the gut microbiota to establish a connection of gut-brain axis with neurological function. The changes of intestinal microecology can affect the neurological function through the connection of gut-brain axis.It has been found that regular exercise can improve neurological function and inhibit nervous system diseases by affecting intestinal microecology.However, its internal regulatory mechanism is not clear, which may be related to the mechanism of exercise mediated intestinal microbial diversity, intestinal immunity, intestinal endocrine, intestinal metabolism, and the improvement of gut-brain neural connection and neurogenesis.