Abstract: Researching and developing the assessment and evaluation of physical literacy for children and adolescents is of great importance to school education and physical education as well as the theoretical advances of the related researches.The current study aims to describe and analyze the origin, development and application of the Chinese Assessment and Evaluation of Physical Literacy (CAEPL) for children and adolescents.Based on the previously relevant literature, using the Delphi method, 23 experts were invited to participate in the survey for developing the assessment and evaluation, and formulated an assessment and evaluation system including 5 domains of intention of physical activity, knowledge of physical activity, motor/sport skill, behavior of physical activity and physical fitness.The weights of each domain with indicators have been determined.The CAEPL has been applied in some schools of Shanghai, which provided important implications in the school physical education assessment in the context of an integration of sport and education, beneficial to school physical education reform. In the long run, however, the CAEPL should be improved in its contents application, implementation, scoring and generalization.