Abstract: Using literature review, case study and simulation analysis, the knowledge transfer mechanism for physical exercise groups has been constructed and verified to explore the further advancement of the nationwide fitness program as a new research perspective. It is found that physical exercises are characteristics of strong practice group and tacit knowledge dissemination. Two main channels for knowledge transfer include the indirect knowledge acquisition through the interaction of sports and learning during the process of people's participating in physical exercises, and the direct knowledge transmission by knowledge owners and communicators (here mainly coaches) in the physical exercise groups. For a physical exercise group to achieve the stability in the number of members, time dependence is needed; the fewer coaches who directly transfer physical exercise knowledge will reach a stable number of members faster. Therefore, the key measures to promote the nationwide fitness program are suggested to be strengthening the training and management of social sports instructors and amateur coaches, and improving the willingness and levels of volunteer service.