Abstract: To clarify the influencing factors of physical exercise participation and then effectively mobilize more residents to participate in nationwide fitness programs will be a strong support for the smooth implementation of Healthy China program. The effect of community-level social capital on urban residents' exercise participation was examined on the basis of the survey data from various cities, with the application of the general multilevel linear model. The findings show that urban residents' exercise participation differ greatly among communities, and the community social capital can explain about 38.01% of this variance. Besides, the results also tell that the reciprocity of the community, institutional trust and general trust level are positively significantly correlated with the urban residents' exercise participation. On the other hand, however, public participation has no significant effect on the urban residents' exercise participation.