Abstract: By means of mutual demonstration with multiple historical materials and the perspective of "history of knowledge", the theorization process of Chinese archery is sorted out in a context of scientification of Chinese martial art during modern times. It is indicated that a trend of thought on scientification of Chinese martial art boomed in the period of the Republic of China, when physical educators devoted to creating modern theories for martial arts by two means: "systematical integration" and "discourse renovation". Also, the theory of Chinese archery invented by ZHANG Weizhong created a most successful paradigm for the establishment of the scientific martial arts. ZHANG not only explained the principle of archery scientifically, but also innovated a system of training methods for Chinese traditional archery, whose achievements were considered as the summit of the martial arts study in this period. In addition, ZHANG tried to reconcile the paradox between Chinese national sports and western sports, presenting this ideology in his discourses. On the other hand, however, there exists cognitive bias in ZHANG's theory due to historical limitation, yet he deserves an objective academic status. It will be helpful to build the theory of archery with Chinese characteristics and renew the research paradigm of Chinese national sports when the academic thoughts of ZHANG Weizhong is reinterpreted today.