Abstract: At the beginning of the 20th century, China, swept by the tide of world capitalism, embarked on the process of building a modern nation-state. Influenced by Western culture, modern sports were regarded as an effective way to "save the country and strengthen the nation" when they were introduced to China in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, and were closely associated with politics. With a large amount of literature and the basic methods of historical research, based on China's participation in the Far Eastern Championship Games and Olympic Games in the first half of the 20th century, it is found that this international sports participation during the Republic of China period strengthened China's sense of independence and autonomy, promoted public participation in the national political agenda, and shaped the national consciousness and national identity of the people by reclaiming the leadership of the Chinese people in sports and actively participating in international sports competition. Also, with the participation in the Far Eastern Championship Games and Olympic Games, the diplomatic process as a modern nation state has been promoted, the willingness to participate in international affairs has been expressed, China then integrated into the international community through the actions such as fighting for international legal rights, expressing the national stance, and spreading the traditional ethnic sports and culture.