Abstract: Based on international researches, the basis and causes of Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB)　are analyzed from the perspective of human "microecology", and the measurement methods and prevention strategies are summarized. The results showed that the construction of human respiratory/intestinal microecology and the communication mechanism of the "gut-lung axis" were the basis of the microecology that induced EIB. Strenuous exercise, environment and pollution caused the imbalance of human microecology, which was an important factor in the pathogenesis of EIB. At present, the microecology measurement method still needs to be further improved in terms of systematization and science. Prevention and control strategies include endogenous prevention (such as dietary modification, exercise habit, self-protection, etc.) and exogenous treatment (microbial technology, natural product regulation, etc.). It is suggested that in the future, attention should be paid to the popularization of microecology knowledge education; scientific concepts and habit should be cultivated to promote the harmonious coexistence of host and microecology.