Abstract: Exerkines, which serves as bioactive substances secreted by skeletal muscles and other tissues, play a crucial role in regulating nervous system function, improving neuroinflammation and promoting neurorepair. This study systematically explores the sources, transport mechanisms and the roles of exerkines in neuropsychiatric disorders, elaborates their neurobiological functions and the potential in precise interventions for neuropsychiatric disease treatment. Exerkines can be categorized into myokines, cardiokines, hepatokines, adipokines and neurokines. Their neurobiological functions include neural repair and regeneration, regulation of neuroinflammation and neurodevelopment. The factors induced by exercises transmit messages through blood circulation or vesicular transport, and exert effects on target tissues. In the precise intervention of neuropsychiatric disorders, exerkines can be utilized for personalized assessment, precise diagnosis and treatment monitoring. By integrating omics, neuroimaging and data analysis technologies, a more comprehensive understanding of the functional mechanisms of exerkines can be obtained, providing scientific evidence for precise intervention in diseases.