Abstract: China has set the goal of building a fully socialist modernized leading sporting nation by 2035. It is necessary to study various national sports power evaluation index systems to accelerate the process of building a leading sporting nation. A systematic review of the World Sport Power Index (WSPI), the Country Sports Power Composite, the Global Sports Influence Index (GSI), the Sports Political Power Index, and World Ranking of Countries in Elite Sport (WRCES) reveals that the international influence of sports is increasingly prominent, a single index is difficult to objectively reflect the overall picture of sports development, and the reform and development of national sports urgently need systematic guidance. The index system mainly examines the national power from such dimensions as elite sports, professional sports, sports events, sports consumption, and the influence of international sports organizations, scientifically and systematically reflecting the development strength of sports in various countries, though there are certain limitations. China should objectively view the rankings of these index systems, optimize development concepts, promote the integration of sports into the overall economic and social development, focus on areas such as elite sports, sports events, and professional sports, further strengthen the competitive advantages of sports development, and make up for the weaknesses in sports development, which will facilitate the success of the goal of building a leading sporting nation.