8周中强度乒乓球运动对抑郁症状大学生言语工作记忆的影响 来自ERP的证据

赵群; 丁慧; 王芃; 李淑璠; 贾舒祺; 刘晴; 陈庆杰

doi:10.16099/j.sus.2025.01.02.0002

8周中强度乒乓球运动对抑郁症状大学生言语工作记忆的影响来自ERP的证据

Effects of 8-Week Moderate-intensity Table Tennis Exercise on Verbal Working Memory in College Students with Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from ERP

摘要

摘要:
目的通过事件相关电位（ERP）技术，探究8周中强度乒乓球运动对抑郁症状大学生言语工作记忆（Verbal Working Memory, VWM）的干预效果及其认知神经加工机制。
方法招募60名抑郁症状大学生，按1∶1的比例随机分配为实验组和对照组，实验组接受为期8周、每周3次、每次30 min（5 min热身+20 min乒乓球运动+5 min整理）、心率为65%～75% HR_max的乒乓球运动，对照组不进行任何形式的干预。在实验前后测试VWM及其ERP成分（N2、P3）和抑郁症状。
结果实际纳入52名抑郁症状大学生（实验组25人，对照组27人）。VWM正确率的组别与时间交互效应显著（F_（1，50）=4.269，P=0.044，偏η²=0.079），实验组正确率在运动干预后显著提高（平均差异为0.039，95% CI为0.015～0.062，P=0.002），反应时的组别与时间交互效应不显著（F_（1，50）=2.291，P=0.136，偏η²=0.044），N2潜伏期的组别和时间交互效应显著（F_（1，50）=4.588，P=0.037，偏η²=0.084）， N2波幅、P3潜伏期与波幅的各阶交互效应均不显著。
结论 8周中强度乒乓球运动可有效缓解大学生抑郁症状，并提高言语工作记忆的正确率，缩短任务态N2潜伏期。

Abstract:
Objectives To investigate the effects of 8-week moderate-intensity table tennis exercise on verbal working memory (VWM) and its cognitive neural processing mechanisms in college students with depressive symptoms using event-related potential (ERP) technology.

Methods Sixty college students with depressive symptoms were recruited and randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group in a 1∶1 ratio. The exercise group underwent an 8-week table tennis intervention (3 sessions/week, 30 min/session: 5 min warm-up + 20 min table tennis + 5 min cool-down) at 65%−75% of maximum heart rate (HR_max), while the control group received no intervention. VWM performance, ERP components (N2, P3), and depressive symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention.

Results A total of 52 participants (exercise group: 25; control group: 27) were included in the final analysis. A significant group × time interaction was observed for VWM accuracy (F_(1,50)=4.269, P=0.044, partial η²=0.079), with the exercise group showing significant post-intervention improvement (mean difference=0.039, 95% CI=0.015−0.062, P=0.002). No significant interaction was found for reaction time (F_(1,50)=2.291, P=0.136, partial η²=0.044). A significant group × time interaction emerged for N2 latency (F_(1,50)=4.588, P=0.037, partial η²=0.084), whereas no significant interactions were detected for N2 amplitude, P3 latency, or P3 amplitude.

Conclusions Eight weeks of moderate-intensity table tennis exercise effectively alleviated depressive symptoms and enhanced VWM accuracy in college students, accompanied by shortened N2 latency during task processing.

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