Abstract: Athletes in an algorithmic society are faced with problems such as over commercialization, unequal protection of health information and exposure of human extreme biological characteristics. Based on the reflection of the formation mechanism and governance efficiency of the 3 types of individual empowerment protection paths, it is held that the 3 types of pathway are all characteristic of rationality, its practical effect are weakened owing to the algorithmic crisis, though. An athlete's health information protection requires a shift to the concept of digital human rights protection and incorporates techno-critical theory to further establish health information protection mechanism. The protection system needs to establish legal principles to build a pathway based on both public and private laws. The public right links the algorithmic right to form a shared community guarantee of athletes' rights realization, in which unity of right and responsibility will be achieved by strengthening the execution of algorithmic controller's obligation, and technology rules be achieved through the concept of health information protection and algorithmic governance.