Abstract: In this study, the five synthetically national fitness indexes, including those of overall, towns, villages, male and female, in the years of 2005, 2010 and 2014, of the 31 provincial areas, were selected.By the use of ESDA (exploratory spatial data analysis) method, the spatial pattern and evolution of the national fitness at provincial areas in China was explored.Results shows:1) For the whole spatial pattern and evolution, it is a spatial agglomeration phenomenon for all the five indexes, with a difference in the trend of concentration degree.The national fitness is relatively stable, while the opposite for urban and rural, male's and female's agglomeration degree of change.2) For the local spatial pattern and evolution, the hot spots of the overall national fitness are in the turn of enhancement into abatement.And in rural areas, the hot spots are moving southward, with a difference between west and east and between urban and rural areas.The northern areas are witness to unbalanced features both for male's and female's; in the south, however, there is a change of balanced features into unbalanced ones.