Abstract: Objective:To explore the mental ability factors as well as the assessment criteria which could improve the skill performance in Chinese civil aviation cadets.Methods:Multiple psychological indexes and a skill performance of three grades of 176 civil aviation cadets were assessed by questionnaires and psychology measurement.Results:The mental ability indexes of civil aviation cadets consisted of mood state, motivation training situation, psychological self-regulation capacity, volitional quality and anxiety sensitivity.Besides, the reasonable psychological structure of civil aviation cadets could effectively improve their skill performance.The results also shows a significant correlation between training skill performance and mood states, motivation training situation, psychological self-regulation capacity and volitional quality.