Abstract: The analysis of cognitive problems that is the misleading viewpoints about the new curriculum reform of basic physical education in China in the past 20 years is conducted. These viewpoints mainly include 10 aspects:the new PE curriculum reform is a dispute between health and technology; the new PE curriculum reform is interest-based; there is a cognitive deviation in the grasp and analysis of the realistic problems in the reform; the reform lacks theoretical and practical basis; it has blurred the curriculum objectives; it lacks the instruction of physical education teaching content; the reform is a negation of traditional teaching methods; the new PE curriculum reform negates teacher evaluation and result evaluation; it negates the dominant position of teacher education; and there is a wrong cognitive chain towards the problems and problem solving in the new PE curriculum reform. This study holds that, by taking "morality education" as the fundamental task and "health first" as the guiding ideology, the reform of physical education and health curriculum should be deepen, and students' physical and mental health should be promoted, thus to reach their comprehensive development.