不同力量水平运动员激活后增强效应的时域特征

梁美富; 张怀川; 张树峰; 金银日

doi:10.16099/j.sus.2020.06.007

不同力量水平运动员激活后增强效应的时域特征

Temporal Profile of Post-Activation Potentiation in Athletes with Different Strength Levels

摘要

摘要:
目的探究不同力量水平运动员激活后增强效应（post-activation potentiation，PAP）的时域特征。
方法 PAP诱导练习采用90% 1 RM重复3次杠铃半蹲，使用三维测力台对13名受试者静态半蹲跳前测值和跳后（15 s、3 min、6 min、9 min、12 min）测值进行采集。采用双变量重复测量设计，运用重复测量方差分析和成对比较对腾空高度、峰值冲量和峰值功率进行分析。
结果 ① 腾空高度（P < 0.01）和峰值冲量（P < 0.05）在3、6和9 min时较基线值显著增加，峰值功率3 min（P < 0.01）和6 min（P < 0.05）时较基线值显著增加，组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。②普通组各指标峰值出现在3 min，强壮组各指标峰值出现在6 min，且强壮组各指标峰值均大于普通组。
结论不同力量水平运动员经90% 1 RM强度重复3次杠铃半蹲诱导练习后，腾空高度和峰值冲量显著增加的时域均为3~9 min，峰值功率显著增加的时域均为3~6 min；但其PAP表现出不同时域特征相关，通常力量水平较高者腾空高度、峰值冲量和峰值功率的增长速率高于力量水平较低者。

Abstract:
Objective The temporal profile of post-activation potentiation(PAP)between different strength level subjects was explored.
Methods PAP was induced by half back-squat of three repetitions at 90% 1 RM. Threedimensional force platform was used to collect the static squat jump data of thirteen subjects pre and post(15 s, 3 min, 6 min, 9 min and 12 min)PAP. Double-variable repeated measurement design was adopted in the experiment; the flight height, peak impulse and peak power were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)and multiple comparison.
Results ① The flight height(P < 0.01) and peak impulse(P < 0.05)increased significantly at 3 min, 6 min and 9 min compared with the baseline while the peak power increased significantly at 3 min(P < 0.01) and 6 min(P < 0.05)compared with the baseline, and there was no difference between the groups(P>0.05). ②The peak value of each index in normal group appeared at 3 min; the peak value of each index in strong group appeared at 6 min; and the peak value of each index in strong group was greater than that in normal group.
Conclusions After half back-squat of three repetitions at 90% 1 RM in athletes with different strength levels, the temporal profile of flight height and peak impulse is 3-9 min and the temporal profile of peak power is 3-6 min. In addition, the temporal profile of PAP is associated with the athlete's strength level. The peak height, peak impulse and growth rate of peak and peak power of the higher power level are higher than those of the lower power level.

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