基于动态低频振荡振幅方法的乒乓球运动员脑可塑性变化

张牧; 黄月; 高晴; 陈华富

doi:10.16099/j.sus.2020.06.008

基于动态低频振荡振幅方法的乒乓球运动员脑可塑性变化

Brain Plasticity of Table Tennis Athletes Based on Dynamic Amplitude of LowFrequency Fluctuation Method

摘要

摘要:
目的利用静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）技术，选取动态低频振荡振幅（dynamic amplitude of lowfrequency fluctuation，dALFF）方法，动态探测不同训练程度的乒乓球运动员脑功能活动的可塑性变化，以更精确地分析乒乓球项目特征，并为乒乓球运动员的训练监控与评价提供科学依据。
方法招募乒乓球专业队运动员、专业体育院校乒乓球专项学生以及性别、年龄与之匹配的普通被试，分别进行乒乓球训练情况调查。采集3组被试rs-fMRI相关数据，计算大脑dALFF指标并进行方差分析，提取差异脑区的dALFF值做双样本t检验并做Bonferroni校正；同时分别将组间差异脑区dALFF值与运动员周训练时长进行Pearson相关分析。
结果 3组被试左侧小脑及左侧颞中回的dALFF值均有显著差异（体素P < 0.01，团块P < 0.05，高斯随机场（GRF）校正，体素>40。事后检验发现，大学生运动员/专业运动员左侧小脑dALFF值均显著高于普通被试（P < 0.05），大学生运动员左侧颞中回dALFF值显著高于其他2组被试（P < 0.05），且均呈现大学生运动员>专业运动员>普通被试的变化趋势。专业运动员左侧小脑及左侧颞中回dALFF值与周训练时长均不存在相关性（P>0.05），而大学生运动员左侧小脑及左侧颞中回dALFF值与周训练时长呈显著负相关（r值分别为-0.4382和-0.4115，均P < 0.05）。
结论乒乓球运动可以引起大脑可塑性变化。乒乓球运动员在不同训练程度下可发生大脑（快速）运动平衡和视觉运动协调相关脑区的功能变化，其局部脑区脑自发活动的变异性在运动训练前期强于后期，且随着训练时长的增加，脑自发活动趋于稳定。

Abstract:
Objective It was explored that the brain plasticity mechanism caused by table tennis can make good contributions to analyzing the insight features of table tennis itself, which will provide potent scientific basis for table tennis training, monitoring and evaluation. Based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), it was aimed to explore the plasticity of brain activity in table tennis athletes with different training levels on the time scale with dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(dALFF).
Methods The table tennis professional athletes(PA), sports college student athletes(SCSA)and gender and age matched normal controls(NC) were recruited. Resting-stated functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI) data were collected, and dALFF of each individual was calculated.The three groups of dALFF maps were tested by oneway analysis of variance(ANOVA), and extracted the value of dALFF in the brain regions showing statistic differences of one-way ANOVA for the post-hoc test using the two-sample t-test by Bonferroni correction. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was performed among the dALFF values of the significantly different regions and weekly training durations.
Results It was found that the three groups had significant differences in dALFF values of the left cerebellum and middle temporal gyrus (voxel P < 0.01, cluster P < 0.05, GRF corrected, voxel size> 40). Further post-hoc tests showed that the dALFF values of left cerebellum in SCSA group and PA group were both higher than that in NC group(P < 0.05), while the dALFF value of left middle temporal gyrus in SCSA group was higher than that in PA group and NC group(P < 0.05). The dALFF values of the left cerebellum and middle temporal gyrus in three groups showed a trend of changing from high to low as SCSA > PA > NC. The dALFF values of the left cerebellum and the left middle temporal gyrus in SCSA group were both negatively correlated with the weekly training durations(r=-0.4382, -0.4115; P < 0.05).
Conclusions Table tennis training can cause changes in brain plasticity. Under different training load of table tennis athletes, changes occurred on cerebral functional areas related to motor balance and visual motor coordination. The variability of local brain spontaneous activity of table tennis athletes is stronger in the early stage than that in the later stage. As the time span of training increases, the brain spontaneous activity tends to be stable.

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