Abstract: The national system, with its unique political and institutional advantages of concentrating forces to do major tasks, has encountered problems of the "national" difficulties and "common" difficulties in practice. It is examined that competition is greater than collaboration, which makes it hard to give the advantages full play.Also the basic system is imperfect, and the decisive role of the market in resource allocation has not been fully presented.The new national system therefore is needed, which is to gather the forces together to do major tasks under the conditions of a market economy.Compared with the traditional national system, the new one has changed in target objects, environmental backgrounds, participants, values, and function mechanisms.For the purpose of building a sports power, it is necessary to make use of the advantages of the new system to solve the problems of "integration of sports and education", "inconvenient fitness", "rough training", as well as the successful holding of competitions, and promote the better integration of effective market and capable governments.As an important policy tool in China, the new national system should be rationally selected to solve these problems above.