中文体育类核心期刊

中国人文社会科学期刊AMI综合评价(A刊)核心期刊

《中文社会科学引文索引》(CSSCI)来源期刊

美国《剑桥科学文摘》(CSA)收录期刊

中国高校百佳科技期刊

胡海旭, 杨国庆. 中国奥运冠军成才的时序特征[J]. 上海体育学院学报 , 2021, 45(3): 8-18. DOI: 10.16099/j.sus.2021.03.002
引用本文: 胡海旭, 杨国庆. 中国奥运冠军成才的时序特征[J]. 上海体育学院学报 , 2021, 45(3): 8-18. DOI: 10.16099/j.sus.2021.03.002
HU Haixu, YANG Guoqing. Time Sequence Characteristics of Chinese Olympic Champions' Growth[J]. Journal of Shanghai University of Sport, 2021, 45(3): 8-18. DOI: 10.16099/j.sus.2021.03.002
Citation: HU Haixu, YANG Guoqing. Time Sequence Characteristics of Chinese Olympic Champions' Growth[J]. Journal of Shanghai University of Sport, 2021, 45(3): 8-18. DOI: 10.16099/j.sus.2021.03.002

中国奥运冠军成才的时序特征

Time Sequence Characteristics of Chinese Olympic Champions' Growth

  • 摘要: 采用文献资料法、问卷调查法与访谈法,对175名奥运冠军成长、成才的关键时序节点数据进行分析与文献对比研究。发现:①成为奥运冠军的系统训练时间均值为13.85 a,在整个成才阶段的时序中,青少年训练时期最持久(平均5.66 a)且在性别和项群上差异较大。训练启蒙年龄与训练启动期之间存在“此消彼长”的反比关系。青少年训练只要在合理的年龄范围内,迟早都会“一样”成功,但过早专项化或不利于成年后精英水平的长足发展。②相较而言,奥运冠军成才时序中的“男长女短”现象更普遍,生理发育男晚女早的特征并非训练启蒙的唯一依据。③训练启蒙年龄按项目特点划分更合理,建议分为低龄、中龄和高龄3类。中国优势项目隔网对抗个人项群运动员成才属典型的“大器慢成”,其特征并不同于大多数基础性体能项目,相对而言,体能耐力项群男运动员或可晚起步而速成。

     

    Abstract: Using literature review, questionnaire and interviews, the key time sequence node data for the growth of 175 Olympic champions were analyzed.It is found that: ① The average training time to become Olympic champions is 13.85 years.In the time sequence of the entire growth stage of Olympic champions, the youth training period is the longest (average 5.66 years) and has great gender and event group differences. There is an inverse relationship between the training start age and the training start period.As long as adolescent training is within a reasonable age range, it will be "the same" success sooner or later, but premature specialized training may not be conducive to the rapid development of the elite level in adulthood.② In comparison, the phenomenon of "male long female short" for the time sequence of Olympic champions'growth is more common, and the characteristics of physiological development of "male late, female early"are not the only basis for the start of training.③ The age of the start of training is more reasonable according to the characteristics of the sports.It is recommended to divide it into 3 age groups of young, middle and old.The athlete of individual event that compete against each other across the net which are known to be China's dominant event are the typical "start training at a very young age and need to train carefully" and become a talent late, but not suitable for most events of strength and condition.Male athletes in the endurance event group may start late and become quick.

     

/

返回文章
返回