Abstract: By means of literature research, expert interview and video observation, this paper analyzes the theoretical basis, practical foundation and key problems of CBA competition reform and innovation. The research holds that the CBA competition reform and innovation should take XI Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era as the fundamental guidelline. The innovation can refer to the system innovation theory and related brand theory as the references. And the reality of the reform includes China's national conditions and the condition of sports as well as the enlightenment of many domestic and foreign competition reform cases, plus the major problems facing CBA competition at present. Considering the development goals of the league, the competition reform should focus on handling 10 relationships, including the international link and Chinese characteristics, future and reality, team number and competition quality, club rights and players' transfer, session arrangement and injury prevention and control, match schedule setting and FIBA reform, objective miscalculation and subjective intention, expression of emotions and discipline control on the spot, introduction of foreign aids and cultivation of local players, and the league reform and national team revitalization, etc.