Abstract: Based on the perspectives of political logic, resource allocation and national governance, this study reinterprets the whole-nation system of competitive sports, trying to build an integrated theoretical framework. It traces its historical origin from three aspects, that is, the centralized and popularized historical positioning, the socialized and marketized evolution, and the historical responsibility and coordination, which determines the major route development of the system. The new concept of the nationwide system of competitive sports is established based on the new journey of Chinese modernization and the viewpoint of people-centered development. Its new mechanism is created based on the collaborative structure and inevitable way of an integrated nationwide system and market mechanism; while its new innovation system is expanded based on the dynamic structure nationwide.