Abstract: The transformation of traditional "xia"(chivalrous) and the mobilization practice of "new people" are examined through the method of literature review. It is believed that, under the background of domestic troubles and aggression from foreign powers in the modern period of modern China, the traditional "xia" was reactivated and reshaped into "Wuxia" (martial arts chivalry) by the intellectuals. In practice, it transformd from "helping with personal difficulties " to "helping the country's crisis", from "taking responsibility and self-conceited" to "striving to be strong", from "one or two chivalrous persons" to "every man is martial arts chivalrous". In the image shaping of "wuxia", "new people" was set to be the goal, during which "saving the country","martial arts worship" and "vigorous" were taken as the key words to depict the new image of "wuxia", that is, serving the country and people, striving to be strong and with good physical skills. The intellectual elite took this image as an ideal blueprint to transform the body and mind of people, which became an important symbol of social mobilization.