Abstract: The legal interest protection in the crime of obstructing doping management can be divided into "legal interest monism" and "legal interest dualism", among which "legal interest dualism" can be redivided into "unary legal interest theory" and "multiple legal interest theory". However, no sufficient casual effect exists between the "legal interest monism" and the crime of doping management; the "multiple legal interest" obscures the content of legal interest protection. From the connotation and nature of legal interest, the legal interest protection of this crime should be the fairness and justice of sports competition in the "unary legal interest theory". In the content of fair and just of sport, the crime of obstructing doping management does not belong to the offender of abstract danger, but a real harm; while the "circumstances are serious" is the provisions of the nature of "lure, abet, deception" behaviors, belonging to the illegal elements. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the interpretation function of legal elements and reshape the content of the "serious circumstances".