Abstract: This article adopts the research methods of literature review, expert interviews, case analysis, and historical tracking to trace the development trajectory of Chinese sports training theory since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The focus is on exploring its development process, construction achievements, evolutionary logic, and practical problems. Having gone through three historical development stages, Chinese sports training theory has established knowledge system, innovative academic system and practical guiding system with the joint efforts of several generations, the deep development of single disciplines, the integrated development of multiple disciplines, and interdisciplinary cooperation development. The theory of Chinese sports training emphasizes the inheritance, development, and self-awareness of historical experience, strengthens the rationality, innovation, and systematicity of guiding practice, follows the logics such as the guidance, regularity, and synergy of theoretical evolution, thus achieves both the upgrading of science and the development of adhering to tradition and innovation.